Overview references

 

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Basic Information About Skin Cancer. Accessed at https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/. Accessed on 01/14/2023.
  2. Cancer Facts & Figures 2023. page 27 of pdf, graph 3. (2) from graph 3. (3) from pdf page 6, Table 1. (4) pdf page 27, graph 7. (5) graph 4. 
  3. Cancer Facts & Figures 2023: https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2023/2023-cancer-facts-and-figures.pdf (page 6 in PDF, table 1) 
  4. Melanoma Research Alliance. Melanoma 101. Accessed at https://www.curemelanoma.org/about-melanoma/melanoma-101. Accessed on 01/14/2023. 
  5. National Cancer Institute. Skin Cancer (Including Melanoma) – Patient Version. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin. Accessed on 01/14/2023. 
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Basic Information About Skin Cancer. Accessed at https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/index.htm. Accessed on 01/14/2023. 
  7. Understand Cancer Together. Understand Melanoma. Accessed at https://www.understandcancertogether.com/understand-cancer/types-of-cancer/melanoma/. Accessed on 01/14/2023.  
  8. American Cancer Society. What Is Melanoma Skin Cancer. Accessed at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer/about/what-is-melanoma.html. Accessed on 01/14/2023. 
  9. AIM at Melanoma. Cutaneous melanoma. Accessed at https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/melanoma-101/types-of-melanoma/cutaneous-melanoma/. Accessed on 01/14/2023. 
  10. National Cancer Institute. Skin Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – Patient Version. Accessed at Skin Cancer Prevention (PDQ®)–Patient Version – NCI. Accessed on 01/14/2023. 
  11. Skin Cancer Foundation. Melanoma Risk Factors. Accessed at Melanoma Risk Factors - The Skin Cancer Foundation. Accessed on 01/14.2023. 
  12. Eckerle Mize D, Bishop M, Resse E, et al. Familial Atypical Multiple Mole Melanoma Syndrome. In: Riegert-Johnson DL, Boardman LA, Hefferon T, et al., editors. Cancer Syndromes [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2009-. Accessed from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7030/. Accessed on 01/15/2023. 
  13. Skin Cancer Foundation. UV Radiation & Your Skin. Accessed https://www.skincancer.org/risk-factors/uv-radiation/. Accessed on 01/15/2023. 
  14. National Cancer Institute. Common Moles, Dysplastic Nevi, and Risk of Melanoma. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/moles-fact-sheet#what-is-a-common-mole. Accessed on 01/15/2023. 
  15. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013 Apr; 22(4): 528–532. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-1346. Accessed at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3616416/. Accessed on 01/16/2023.  
  16. The National Cancer Institute. What is Cancer? Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer. Accessed on 01/15/2023.  
  17. Skin Cancer Foundation. UV Radiation & Your Skin. Accessed at https://www.skincancer.org/risk-factors/uv-radiation/. Accessed on 01/15/2023. 
  18. Skin Cancer Foundation. Skin Cancer Prevention. Accessed at https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-prevention/. Accessed on 01/15/2023.  
  19. Food and Drug Administration. Sunscreen: How to Help Protect Your Skin from the Sun. Accessed at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/understanding-over-counter-medicines/sunscreen-how-help-protect-your-skin-sun#. Accessed on 01/18/2023. 
  20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing Melanoma. Accessed at https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/melanoma-test. Accessed on 01/15/2023.  
  21. American Cancer Society. How Do I Protect Myself from Ultraviolet (UV) Rays? Accessed from https://www.cancer.org/healthy/be-safe-in-sun/uv-protection.html. Accessed on 01/15/2023. 
  22. National Human Genome Research Institute. Cancer Genomics. Accessed at https://www.genome.gov/dna-day/15-ways/cancer-genomics. Accessed on 01/15/2023. 
  23. National Cancer Institute. Cancer Genomics Overview. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/about-nci/organization/ccg/cancer-genomics-overview. Accessed on 01/15/2023. 
  24. AJCCv7 J Clin Oncol 2009, SEER data release 2017. Ibrahim et al. Ann Surg Oncol 2020.  
  25. National Cancer Institute. Dysplastic nevus. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/dysplastic-nevus. Accessed on 01/20/2023.  
  26. National Human Genome Research Institute. A Brief Guide to Genomics. Accessed at https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/A-Brief-Guide-to-Genomics. Accessed on 01/20/2023. 
  27. National Cancer Institute. Carcinoma situ. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/carcinoma-in-situ. Accessed on 01/22/2023. 
  28. National Cancer Institute. Invasive cancer. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/invasive-cancer. Accessed on 01/22/2023.

Diagnosis & evaluation references

  1. National Cancer Institute. Common Moles, Dysplastic Nevi, and Risk of Melanoma. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/moles-fact-sheet#what-is-a-common-mole. Accessed on 01/15/2023.
  2. American Cancer Society. Tests for Melanoma Skin Cancer. Accessed at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html. Accessed on 01/15/2023. 
  3. National Cancer Institute. Skin Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – Patient Version. Accessed at Skin Cancer Prevention (PDQ®)–Patient Version – NCI. Accessed on 01/14/2023.
  4. Skin Cancer Foundation. Melanoma Risk Factors. Accessed at Melanoma Risk Factors - The Skin Cancer Foundation. Accessed on 01/14.2023.
  5. Skin Cancer Foundation. UV Radiation & Your Skin. Accessed at https://www.skincancer.org/risk-factors/uv-radiation/. Accessed on 01/15/2023.
  6. Aim at Melanoma Foundation. Mole Mapping. Accessed at https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/melanoma-101/early-detection-of-melanoma/mole-mapping/. Accessed on 01/212023.
  7.  American Academy of Dermatology. Infographic: Skin Cancer Boldy Mole Map. Accessed at https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/find/at-risk/mole-map. Accessed on 01/21/23.
  8. Society of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. Fact Sheet: Molecular Imaging and Melanoma. Accessed at https://www.snmmi.org/AboutSNMMI/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=5660#:~:text=What%20molecular%20imaging%20technologies%20are,computed%20tomography%20(CT)%20scanning. Accessed on 01/23/2023. 
  9. National Cancer Institute. SEER Training Modules. Staging. Melanoma of the Skin, Vulva, Penis and Scrotum Staging. Accessed at https://training.seer.cancer.gov/melanoma/abstract-code-stage/staging.html. Accessed on 01/22/2023.
  10. National Cancer Institute. Prognosis. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/prognosis. Accessed on 01/22/2023.
  11. American Cancer Society. Treating Melanoma Skin Cancer. Accessed at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer/treating.html. Accessed on 01/10/2023.
  12. American Cancer Society. Tests for Melanoma Skin Cancer. Accessed at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html. Accessed on 01/22/2023.
  13. Society of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. Fact Sheet: Molecular Imaging and Melanoma. Accessed at https://www.snmmi.org/AboutSNMMI/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=5660#:~:text=What%20molecular%20imaging%20technologies%20are,computed%20tomography%20(CT)%20scanning. Accessed on 01/23/2023.
  14. National Cancer Institute. Immunohistochemistry. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/immunohistochemistry. Accessed on 01/22/2023.
  15. Ohsie SJ, Sarantopoulos GP, Cochran AJ, Binder SW. Immunohistochemical characteristics of melanoma. J Cutan Pathol. 2008 May;35(5):433-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00891.x. PMID: 18399807. Accessed at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18399807/. Accessed on 01/22/2023.
  16. National Cancer Institute. Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/genetics-dictionary/def/fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization. Accessed on 01/22/2023.
  17. Shakoori AR. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Its Applications. Chromosome Structure and Aberrations. 2017 Feb 10:343–67. doi: 10.1007/978-81-322-3673-3_16. PMCID: PMC7122835. Accessed at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122835/. Accessed on 01/22/2023.
  18. Weiss MM, Hermsen MA, Meijer GA, van Grieken NC, Baak JP, Kuipers EJ, van Diest PJ. Comparative genomic hybridisation. Mol Pathol. 1999 Oct;52(5):243-51. doi: 10.1136/mp.52.5.243. PMID: 10748872; PMCID: PMC395705. Accessed at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC395705/#:~:text=Comparative%20genomic%20hybridisation%20(CGH)%20is,whole%20genome%20of%20a%20tumour. Accessed on 01/22/2023.
  19. Vanison C, Tanna N, Murthy AS. Comparative genomic hybridization for the diagnosis of melanoma. Eur J Plast Surg. 2010 Feb;33(1):45-48. doi: 10.1007/s00238-009-0369-9. Epub 2009 Dec 9. PMID: 20234825; PMCID: PMC2837230. Accessed at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20234825/. Accessed on 01/22/2023.
  20. National Cancer Institute. Melanoma Treatment (PDQ®) – Patient Version. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq#:~:text=Surgery%20to%20remove%20the%20tumor,the%20wound%20caused%20by%20surgery. Accessed on 01/18/2023.
  21. National Cancer Institute. Gene expression. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/gene-expression. Accessed on 01/20/2023.
  22. National Human Genome Research Institute. Gene expression. Accessed at https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Gene-Expression. Accessed on 01/20/2023.
  23. National Cancer Institute. Gene expression profile. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/gene-expression-profile. Accessed on 01/20/2023. 
  24. Cancer.Net. Stages of Cancer. Accessed at https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/diagnosing-cancer/stages-cancer. Accessed on 01/20/2023.
  25. National Cancer Society. Cancer Staging. Accessed at https://www.cancer.org/treatment/understanding-your-diagnosis/staging.html. Accessed on 01/18/2023.
  26. American Cancer Society. Melanoma Skin Cancer Stages. Accessed at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/melanoma-skin-cancer-stages.html. Accessed on 01/20/2023
  27. Aim at Melanoma Foundation. What Does Staging Mean? Accessed at https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/melanoma-101/how-melanoma-is-diagnosed/melanoma-staging/. Accessed from 01/20/2023.
  28. Cancer.Net. Melanoma: Stages. Accessed at https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/melanoma/stages. Accessed on 01/24/2023.
  29. National Cancer Institute. SEER Training Module. American Joint Committee on Cancer. Assessed at https://training.seer.cancer.gov/staging/systems/ajcc/. Accessed on 01/20/2023.
  30. National Cancer Institute. Cancer Staging. Accessed at https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging. Accessed on 01/20/2023.
  31. Skin Cancer Foundation. Melanoma Stages. Accessed at https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/melanoma/the-stages-of-melanoma/. Accessed on 01/25/2023.